Formation conditions of wave-type flows at stilling basins with a drop

The formation conditions of maximum- and minimum-wave jumps were experimentally investigated. A total of 110 wave-type jump experiments were carried out for several discharges, supercritical upstream and subcritical downstream water depths and drop heights. The experimental results revealed that the influential parameters on wave-type jumps are the upstream Froude number and the relative drop height. As the classical hydraulic jump equation is not sufficient to define conjugate depths of wave-type flow, empirical equations were developed for defining the conjugate depths of maximum-wave jumps and minimum-wave jumps (for which insufficient experimental data are available in the literature). The agreement between calculated and measured conjugate depths was good. It was also found that the value of the lower limit for the upstream Froude number is not constant for the formation of a maximum-wave jump – it depends on the relative drop height. Furthermore, the experimental results showed that the energy-dissipation ratios of maximum- and minimum-wave jumps are equal to or larger than those of classical hydraulic jumps. For this reason, wave-type jumps may be preferred at stilling basins with drops along with A-jumps.