Conveyance of meandering channels with marginal vegetation

Vegetation along the margins of meandering channels affects conveyance under both in bank and overbank flow conditions. Experiments using simulated vegetation with different channel and floodplain geometries have shown that vegetation increases resistance by introducing stem drag, but may also decrease it by reducing separation at tight bends. For in bank flows, bend resistance (including vegetation effects) is better accounted for by a bend curvature parameter than by sinuosity alone. Conveyance for overbank flows with marginal vegetation and straight floodplains can be predicted satisfactorily using the James and Wark method with adjustment for vegetation density.