Compact and covered sewage treatment: Singapore style Available to Purchase

In the early 1990s the Ministry of Environment of Singapore foresaw the need to upgrade the existing sewage treatment facilities in the north-west of the island, to meet the anticipated rapid population growth in the catchment area. Binnie Black and Veatch (South East Asia) undertook designs to increase the treatment capacity of the works at Kranji from 76 MI/d to an ultimate capacity of 300 MI/d, whilst minimising landtake, containing odours and meeting effluent standards. Construction of the plant was completed in August 1999, and the works have now been successfully commissioned. This paper describes the treatment processes used and the performance achieved by this compact and covered treatment works.