Swarm based study on spatial‐temporal emergence in flood

In complex adaptive system (CAS), the complex behavior of system is emerged from the bottom, that agents’ adaptability bottom‐up the complexity of the entire system. This idea can be simulated by the method of computer aid simulation. SWARM, which is developed by Santa Fe Institute, is such a tools kit based on the bottom‐up modeling method that can be used in CAS simulation on computer. This paper presented a Swarm based simulation platform for the study on complexity in flood disaster. Its application is illustrated with a SWARM based model and program for simulating spatial and temporal emergence of flooding. This model offers virtually unlimited possibilities to simulate the emergence of flooding. Some rules have been elicited from the experimental results, which could provide useful information for the disaster reduction and management.