Subjective observation via informational invariance results in creation of fractals and self‐similar processes of fractional order Available to Purchase

The purpose of this paper is to explain why fractal, self‐similarity, and fractional Brownian motions are so pervasive in human systems.

The analysis involves mainly relative observation, Minkowskian observation, Euclidean observation, and fractional calculus.

It is shown that observation with informational invariance, which is a modeling of subjectivity, creates fractal, and self‐similarity.

This result could have an application to the quantitative analysis of volatility in finance, for instance.

The paper supports the use of fractional dynamics to describe human systems.

The paper provides practical arguments that may explain why fractals are so pervasive in natural science, and mainly in systems involving human factors.