...Emerson Palmieri Purpose The objective of this work is to explore possible relationships of theoretical affinity that the concept of public sphere (understood in its original German formulation: Öffentlichkeit) can establish with Luhmann’s concepts of observation and differentiation. In this way...

... Adaptation Organization Differentiation Coordination Experiment At an abstract level, organizing can be seen as an attempt to convert environmental turbulence and uncertainty into predictability and routines (Luhmann , 1964, 2018). Traditional bureaucracies, for instance, have been rather...

... as through the analysis of Escher’s artworks and Calvino’s literary works. This paper interprets these artistic and literary works using cybernetic principles and systemic concepts, in particular, “two-sided forms,” “system–environment differentiation” and “second-order observation.” Findings In general...