... been investigated systematically. The VMP mechanisms have been categorized into two major groups, including static and dynamic mechanisms. Findings The results have indicated that an appropriate VMP has the capacity to decrease the resource consumption rate, energy consumption and carbon emission...

..., representing them as complex and dynamic. Design/methodology/approach A traditional blueprint model of a bureaucracy comes from Weber, seen to be a servicing body for the implementation of political policy decisions resulting from a process of governance. An alternative model arises from the fictional...