..., managers are encouraged to reflect on and incorporate their own perceptions and actions into their decision-making processes (Beyes, 2005). This approach acknowledges the complexities and uncertainties present in managing ecosystem entities, where diverse observer-managers are involved. Eigenbehaviour...

...-trivial machine that is kept in non-equilibrium steady state at minimum entropy production by competitive, equilibrium markets. The system has operational closure and the learning curve expresses its eigenbehaviour. This eigenbehaviour is analysed not in calendar time but in the characteristic time...