... as the costs arising from the conflict of interests between shareholders (not managers) and the company's managers and between shareholders and debt providers. Leland (1998) reformulates the trade-off theory by incorporating agency costs. Capital structure Financial crisis Pecking order theory Self...

...M. Teresa Sorrosal-Forradellas; Lisana B. Martinez; Antonio Terceño Purpose The last great financial crisis which arose in the middle of 2007 in the USA produced contagion effects over others economies. The purpose of this paper is focused on analyzing the evolution of a set of economic variables...

... of matter and energy. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2013 Financial crisis Systems Host Parasite Parasitic behavior “system performance measures”; “system stabilization”; and “system survival”. Table I summarizes the specific functions that parasite performs...