Figure 1 The Multi-level cybernetic trust framework for DFI (MCTF-DFI): trust modalities located across VSM levels through the derivation rules, the sedimentation path (S1→S5), the trust floor t* (P3), trust transfer across structural couplings (P5) and the second-order observer loop (P4). Source:... More about this image found in The Multi-level cybernetic trust framework for DFI (MCTF-DFI): trust modali...

Figure 2 Recursion in the DFI viable system: three recursion levels with their dominant trust modalities, an illustrative failure-propagation path from platform-level S2 to ecosystem-level S2 (P2), and downward trust transfer through regulatory authorisation (P5). Source: Author’s own elaboration ... More about this image found in Recursion in the DFI viable system: three recursion levels with their domin...

Figure 1 Conceptual Map of Literature Silos and the Cybernetic Bridge. Source: Authors’ own work Three stone pillars labeled Algorithmic Rationality, Administrative Burden, and System Dynamics, connected by arching lines under the label Second-Order Cybernetics, representing the cybernetic brid... More about this image found in Conceptual Map of Literature Silos and the Cybernetic Bridge. Source: Autho...

Figure 2 PRISMA 2020 Flow Diagram detailing the screening and selection process. Source: Authors’ own work Flowchart illustrating the PRISMA 2020 screening and selection process. The flowchart begins with the identification phase, where 852 records are sourced from databases and 30 from snowba... More about this image found in PRISMA 2020 Flow Diagram detailing the screening and selection process. Sou...

Figure 3 Anatomy of the Synthetic Causal Loop Model and Administrative Debt Accumulation. Source: Authors’ own work A diagram illustrating the circular mechanism of administrative debt accumulation and legitimacy collapse. A diagram representing the process of administrative debt accumulation ... More about this image found in Anatomy of the Synthetic Causal Loop Model and Administrative Debt Accumula...

Figure 1 Conceptual framework: World Heritage designation as public intangible capital and its diffusion to the wider destination. Source: Authors' own Flowchart of UNESCO World Heritage designation impact on visitor perceptions and destination spillover. The flowchart illustrates the process ... More about this image found in Conceptual framework: World Heritage designation as public intangible capit...

Figure 2 The share of reviewers in the sample that classified themselves as a selected type (reviewer could be of several types). Source: Authors' own A horizontal bar graph showing the share of reviewers who classified themselves as various traveler types. A horizontal bar graph compares the ... More about this image found in The share of reviewers in the sample that classified themselves as a select...

Figure 3 Evaluations by World Heritage sites and by reviewer preferences (heritage fan, non-fan). Source: Authors' own A bar graph comparing evaluations by World Heritage sites and by reviewer preferences. The bar graph compares evaluations by World Heritage sites and by reviewer preferences, ... More about this image found in Evaluations by World Heritage sites and by reviewer preferences (heritage f...

Figure 4 Transformer score distributions by aspect. Source: Authors' own A histogram showing transformer score distributions by aspect for non-heritage and heritage sites. The histogram consists of three separate plots, each representing the distribution of transformer scores for different asp... More about this image found in Transformer score distributions by aspect. Source: Authors' own A histog...

Figure 5 Interaction: site type × heritage fan on star rating (left) and transformer sentiment (right). Source: Authors' own Two line graphs compare mean ratings and transformer sentiment scores for heritage and non-heritage sites between fans and non-fans. The image contains two line graphs s... More about this image found in Interaction: site type × heritage fan on star rating (left) and transformer...

Figure 1 Evolution toward recursive observation systems A flowchart illustrating the progression from a traditional information system to a recursive observation system. The flowchart depicts the evolution toward recursive observation systems. It starts with a traditional information system at... More about this image found in Evolution toward recursive observation systems A flowchart illustrating ...

Figure 2 Recursive human–AI observation ecosystem A diagram of a recursive human-AI observation ecosystem. The diagram illustrates a recursive humanAI observation ecosystem. At the top, the socio-technical context is represented by icons of a globe, people, a building, a heart, a chip, and a l... More about this image found in Recursive human–AI observation ecosystem A diagram of a recursive human-...

Figure 3 Evolution from first-order to second-order AI governance A diagram illustrating the evolution from first-order to second-order AI governance. A diagram illustrating the evolution from first-order to second-order AI governance. The diagram is divided into two main sections: First-Order... More about this image found in Evolution from first-order to second-order AI governance A diagram illus...

Figure 4 Second-order human-centered AI governance framework Diagram of a human-centered AI governance framework with five steps. The image presents a diagram illustrating a second-order human-centered AI governance framework. The framework is depicted as a circular process with five key steps... More about this image found in Second-order human-centered AI governance framework Diagram of a human-c...

Figure 5 Recursive theoretical mechanism of the proposed second-order human-centered AI governance theory A diagram illustrating the recursive theoretical mechanism of second-order human-centered AI governance. The image is a flowchart diagram illustrating a recursive theoretical mechanism of ... More about this image found in Recursive theoretical mechanism of the proposed second-order human-centered...