.../approach Laboratory experiments well documented in quantum mechanics and particle physics are employed as supporting evidence. Findings A yoyo model explanation for Stern‐Gerlach experiment is provided. The yoyo structures of an electron and a positron are established. Other than illustrating how...

..., is smaller than the number required for annihilation (attaining the velocity C), due to the smaller minimal spatial angle. Cybernetics Particle physics Wave physics Our knowledge about the physical world is obtained by processing sensory input by a cybernetic system, namely, our brain...

... of the three topics. Practical implications Grids are an important current development, especially but not exclusively in connection with particle physics research. Originality/value It is hoped this is a valuable periodic review. In another review in the issue, David Boyd, Julia Goodfellow, Lois...