... society, economy and ecology are united in an evolutionary process based on multiple symbiosis. Design/methodology/approach – An integrative concept for sustainable renewal is presented, based on Beer’s Viable System Model (VSM). The core of that concept is a recursive structure, which organizes...

... inclusion Cities Citizens Power imbalances Inclusive democracy Recursive structure Complexity Viable systems This paper offers a conceptual construction of governance and democracy based on ideas of complexity (Ashby, 1964) and viability (Beer, 1979), which is illustrated with reference...