... in product markets will partially eliminate the inefficiency as caused by double marginalization. By using the recent development of systems research in general and the systemic yoyo model in particular, this paper will address this question positively and establish a sufficient and necessary condition...

.../methodology/approach All discussion and reasoning are established on some of the traditional methods of microeconomics and on the basis of the systemic yoyo model. Here, the yoyo model plays the role of intuition, while the traditional methods are utilized to present the exact details underneath the systemic...