... 2023 02 10 2023 © Emerald Publishing Limited 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Remanufacturing Patent protection Second-hand market Utility function Product pricing It is evident that the second-hand market is becoming an increasingly important...

... and the social network externality of consumers, this study establishes a consumer utility function. On this basis, a multistage game pricing model of online knowledge products is established based on three kinds of network price strategies under a completely competitive market structure. It also analyzes...

... and reasonably evaluates risk investment schemes to choose the correct investment scheme and gain greater investment returns. Design/methodology/approach The utility function is used to measure the extent to which an investor is satisfied by investment returns in various scenarios. Risk aversion expresses...