... Association in 1977 found some libraries charging fees for “admission to library-sponsored programs” (Giacoma, 1989 , p. 3) as well as for other services such as the use of copying machines and meeting rooms. Thus, charging fees for library programs is not a new phenomenon despite the fact that this topic has...

... are photocopying, publishing, registration of users and binding. Other sources of income are fines, charges, gifts, grants, endowments, bequests and adopt‐a‐journal. The range of total percentage of alternative income in relation to total library allocations is between 0.7 and 39.2 per cent but on average...