... accounting Cost reduction Budgets Standard costing, according to various authors, is inconsistent with today's manufacturing environment (e.g. Monden and Lee, 1993 ; Ferrara, 1995 ; Drury, 1999). Instead, to meet the intensely, competitive, global business environment, companies should use tools...

... Cost reduction Contracts Quality management The extent to which change orders contribute to rework costs remains relatively unexplored. Research undertaken by Zeitoun and Oberlander (1993) found that the median costs of change orders for 71 fixed price projects were 5.3 per cent of the contract...