... with particular emphasis on relations of co‐operation and conflict. Leibenstein (1966, 1978, 1980), in particular, has discussed the concept from a micro‐economic perspective. Through his concept of X‐efficiency he analyses the degree to which an organization possesses an un‐utilised potential for improving its...

... of independence, authoritativeness and efficiency and this theme pervades. The outworkings of this formula has actually led to demand from the top to establish an additional audit division branch. © MCB UP Limited 1997 Autonomy Efficiency Internal audit Oil industry People’s Republic of China...

...Yan Jin’e; Li Dunjia Claims that the performance audit is the most suitable approach for internal audit to adopt to meet the needs of the socialist market economy. Through it, enterprises may tighten up control and raise managerial efficiency, as well as improving their competitive situation...

...Peter E. Hansen; Brian H. Kleiner Argues that an efficient expense management programme is the most effective way of enabling managers to control their bottom line. Outlines the elements of an expense management programme ‐ budgeting, monitoring and corrective action. Provides several items...

... the performance of particular tasks. Argues that it is likely that part of the cure lies in the involvement of auditors on a proactive basis, that is before significant commitments have been made. Further, Western‐trained auditors should be well equipped to strengthen the model of the process, to select efficient...

...Ketil Fjerdingen Developing new tools for improving the quality and efficiency of the audit work should be a central part of all internal audit departments. If efficiency is to be realised, the role of technology in the audit function needs to grow. The audit database has been developed over two...

... Effectiveness Efficiency Private Sector Public Sector AUDITING PRACTICES COMMITTEE DRAFT AUDITING GUIDELINE: VALUE FOR MONEY AUDITS MAJ reproduces the full text of a new draft guideline on a topic of great importance to auditors. Contents Introduction 1-2 Background Value for money audits 3-6 Economy...