... by emerging markets based on the FSA/CSA matrix that combines the OLI paradigm and the internalization theory. This study pursued this research endeavor by enriching a refined framework that connects the OLI paradigm, which recognizes multiple dimensions of O advantages and an institutional perspective...

...) studies. However, the costs of being a paradigm are reflected in Dunning’s efforts to include an ever‐expanding array of IB theories and phenomena under the OLI “big tent.” In this paper, we focus specifically on the O in the OLI paradigm, tracing the history of Dunning’s ownership advantages. We argue...

..., and helps to explain the limited geographical reach of MNEs observed in the literature. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2010 OLI paradigm Ownership advantages Firm growth Institutional advantages VOLUME 18 NUMBER 2 What are Ownership Advantages? Sarianna M. Lundan Abstract...