... and local actors and the resulting gradual development of the local industry. The increasing commitment of MNEs to the host country and their engagement with business and social communities impact the development of the industry’s technology basis, activity networks, identity and market. Spillovers...

... consequences in their home countries. Practical implications The author sets out a research agenda that revolves around six propositions that separately relate one of these three distinct characteristics of EMNE investment to two development outcomes, namely, spillovers and direct effects on home-country...

... of the literature relates to spillovers from FDI. The argument proceeds in a similar vein. To overcome the liability of foreignness, the MNE must possess some form of firm-specific advantage, and that in turn the key question for policy makers is whether this productivity or ownership advantages somehow...