Ecological Pressures on the Firm: Cases and Conclusions Available to Purchase

Introduction This article examines a number of cases of companies' reactions to “ecological” or “environmental” pressure against their products. A first aim of the article is to identify common elements which are present in the different cases. It also traces those factors which may have led to “successful” outcomes of the controversies from both a company and a societal point of view. It then draws some general conclusions of benefit to management in planning for and handling such environmental pressures.