.... Social implications Managing AI adoption as an inclusion challenge—rather than solely a technical one—can reduce uneven emotional costs of digital transformation and support fairer access to AI-enabled opportunities. Originality/value The study integrates gender, appraisal (perceived AI knowledge...

... lacking structured reskilling programs. (2) Organisations that integrate transparent governance and employee participation into AI adoption strategies experience lower resistance and higher acceptance. (3) A balance between technological advancement and human capital investment is critical for minimising...