...Michal Roch Kaczmarczyk Purpose This paper argues, using Luhmann's systems theory, that the art system assumes a leading role in modern society. It explores how art's primary function – to reveal contingency – drives an “art-ification” of other social systems that are forced to confront their own...

..., a contingency view explains variations in firm performance from the interaction of the organization and environments, in so much that environments affect firms through the process of making available or withholding resources (Aldrich, 1979). Thus, investigating any such performance disparity between African...