... polluting firms from 2013 to 2022, we apply fixed-effects OLS models. Robustness is assessed through instrumental variable regression, natural spline estimation and generalized additive models (GAM), among other methods. Findings The results reveal an inverted U-shaped relationship between DO and ESG...

... Chinese A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2022 for an empirical analysis to explore the relationship between OSI and corporate ESG performance. Findings The results indicate an inverted U-shaped relationship between OSI and ESG. Each of the three OSI dimensions also exhibits an inverted U-shaped...

... capital can be as detrimental as too little. In this study, the author hypothesizes that during a major crisis, organizational psychological capital (OPsyCap) may in fact exhibit an inverted U-shaped relationship with performance. Design/methodology/approach T leverages the revelatory power...

... an inverted U-shaped relationship between MO and firm performance. This newly found curvilinear relationship may explain and reconcile prior contradicting findings on the benefits of MO. Organizational confidence is also found to trigger a shape-flip of the MO–performance link, thereby suggesting a new...