... universities, and they do not have post-graduate programs. These universities mostly depend on public university academic employees and those who come from unstable, war-torn cities in Iraq. One of the major challenges currently facing public higher education institutions in the KRI is employee turnover...

... of 402 employee-manager dyads working for various institutions of higher education in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Hierarchical regression analyses and relative weight analysis were used to test the research hypotheses. Findings The results indicated that perceived distributive, procedural...