... through game theory), but the complex interactions may make the resolution of this difficult or uneconomic. The final environment is what Emery and Trist (1969) describe as the turbulent field. In this environment, the rules constantly change in a discontinuous and unpredictable manner. An example...

...Zeinab A. Karake Examines ‐ in a study involving 92 large publicly‐held organizations ‐ the relationships between information technology (IT) structure, control and industry turbulence. Notes that despite the fact that some have called centralized systems electronic dinosaurs, many companies...

...Stan Glaser Corporate and marketing strategists have begun seriously to address the problems of adapting to turbulent environments. Discusses concepts of adaptation and turbulence and describes some of the difficulties with both notions. Concludes that strategic advantage rests with creating...