... through a three-pillar governance framework encompassing the strategic pillar (sustainability strategy), the internal oversight pillar (sustainability committee) and the relational pillar (stakeholder engagement), addressing previously unresolved and contradictory findings within each pillar through...

...Hussain Muhammad; Muhammad Farooq Purpose This study aims to examine the impact of board gender diversity (BGD) and sustainability committees (SC) on environmental, social and governance (ESG) controversies, aiming to assess the effectiveness of these governance mechanisms in mitigating ESG risks...