Cellular phone systems and human health – problems with risk perception and communication

Low‐level microwave (MW) fields may under certain conditions of exposure cause measurable effects in biological organisms. Exposure of the general public to MWs in the environment is generally below intensities which are considered as responsible for evoking bioeffects. Introduction of cellular phone (CP) systems has increased considerably MW exposure of CP users. Health consequences of long‐term use of CPs are not known in detail, but available data indicate that development of non‐specific health symptoms is possible, at least in “MW hypersensitive” subjects. In contrast to terminal CPs, transmitting antennas and base stations (BS) contribute to MW environmental contamination only with a small portion of the energy and do not pose any health risks. Health risks of CP use are underestimated and accepted, while risks of BS are generally overestimated by the public. Therefore, an improved risk communication as well as further studies of the risks are required.