The aim of this study was to evaluate the net-zero emissions of CO2 capturing and storage-enhancing oil recovery (CCS-EOR) supply chain operations, and the analysis examined the utilization of different sources of energy, whether renewable or non-renewable.
This study evaluated the supply chain operations of 51 projects worldwide. The main source of data was the published facts about these projects by the National Energy Technology Laboratory. Data analysis passed through different phases, starting by computing the net-zero emissions of projects by utilizing different energy sources, followed by hypothesis testing by using one-sample t-test and one-way ANOVA.
Powering CCS-EOR by fossil fuel sources of energy is not achieving net-zero emissions. However, powering CCS-EOR projects by the renewable sources of energy shows net-zero CO2 emissions and neutral environmental impact. Significant differences in the supply chain emissions index and capturing process emissions index as affected by different sources of energy; no significant differences in emissions index between energy scenarios in oil barrel production and combustion process; positive significant emissions of projects powered by coal and negative environmental impact in comparison with other projects’ scenarios (gas, hydropower, nuclear, solar and wind). No significant differences were found in the indexes between the projects powered by hydropower, nuclear, solar and wind.
This study examined the role of CCS-EOR technology in achieving net-zero emissions, which is still in its infancy, and also investigated the whole process chain of the CCS-EOR operations from capturing CO2; until the combustion of recovered fuel by the final customers. Previous studies seldom investigated this issue.
