... Licensed re-use rights only CO₂ emission Economic growth Exportation FDI Morocco Trade liberalization VECM Climate change has been considered as one of the most pressing challenges in the world over the past several decades, driven primarily by human activities since...

... the presence of asymmetry. Additionally, the VECM test is applied to examine the causality among the variables. Findings This study documents that urbanization in India is good for environment in the long run, whereas energy consumption is bad for the environment. It also finds that positive and negative...

... is a hypothesized relationship between pollution and income. It states that economic development initially leads to worse environment quality. Economic growth GCC Health VECM Environmental Kuznets curve Unit root test © Emerald Publishing Limited 2019 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use...

... to examine the short-run dynamics. The direction of the causality is checked by VECM framework and variance decomposition is used to predict exogenous shocks of the variables. Findings – The empirical evidence confirms the existence of long-run relationship among the variables. Financial development...