... elasticity models that make it possible to determine the change in key indicators of market activity depending on the change in the factors that determine them, and, accordingly, to assess the level of financial risk associated with these factors. Originality/value The author comes to the conclusion...

...M. Mansoor Khan; M. Ishaq Bhatti; Masudul Alam Choudhury; Sofyan Syafri Harahap Purpose The purpose of this paper is to formalize a general equilibrium circular causation relationship model in the Islamic economic framework between wealth tax (Zakat), Islamic bank and the real economy. Design...