...Fotios Pasiouras; Ana Lozano‐Vivas Purpose The paper attempts to analyze vertical product differentiation as a strategy pursued by European banks seeking greater market power and higher reputation for quality, and to examine whether this entails losses in banking efficiency. Design/methodology...

...Zoe Ventoura‐Neokosmidi Explains how sales efforts try to create product differentiation and increase monopoly power; and uses 1995‐1996 data from a panel of 45 Greek firms to examine the relationship between debt‐to‐equity ratio and profitability, taking a firm’s sales promotion expenses...

...Zoe Frangouli Explains the links between R&D investment, product differentiation and monopoly power, referring to previous research; and argues that internal financing of R&D creates even more competitive advantage. Develops mathematical models and applies them to 1990‐1996 data for a panel...