This study aims to examine how participation in online gaming communities relates to mental health outcomes, specifically stress reduction and social anxiety. This study investigates the mediating role of social connectedness and the moderating role of screen time, drawing on social support theory and uses and gratifications theory.
The authors conducted a cross-sectional survey among 572 Pakistani participants aged 18–41 recruited via Twitter, Facebook and Instagram. Validated seven-point Likert scales measured participation in gaming communities, social connectedness and mental health outcomes. Screen time was assessed via self-reported daily gaming hours. Structural equation modeling using SmartPLS tested the hypothesized direct, indirect and moderated pathways.
Participation in online gaming communities positively predicted mental health outcomes. Social connectedness significantly mediated this relationship, indicating that gaming fosters emotional bonding and a sense of belonging. However, screen time moderated this effect: higher screen exposure weakened the positive impact of gaming participation on mental health.
This study offers a novel model combining mediation and moderation mechanisms to explain how digital communities affect psychological well-being. The findings highlight that while online gaming fosters connectedness and emotional relief, excessive screen time may diminish these benefits. This study contributes to a nuanced understanding of mental health in digital contexts and provides practical implications for designing healthier virtual spaces.
