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Margarine was invented by the French chemist, Mège Mouriés, and patented by him in 1869. This new product, which Mouriés made with beef suet and skimmed milk as the main ingredients, came at a time of severe food shortages in Europe and particularly in the France of Napoleon III. It was a much needed lower cost substitute for scarce butter, and it virtually remained as a butter substitute until some years after the second world war.

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