...Xuerui Shi; Gabriel Hoh Teck Ling; Chaham Alalouch; Pau Chung Leng; Seng Boon Lim; Mohd Fadzil Abdul Rashid; Arina Rahmat Purpose Collective action through public participation is essential for the success of smart cities. Therefore, this study presents two research objectives. First, the study...

...Xuerui Shi; Gabriel Hoh Teck Ling Purpose Due to the influence of complex and intersecting factors, self-governed public open spaces (POSs) (managed by local communities) are subject to collective action dilemmas such as tragedy of the commons (overexploitation), free-riding, underinvestment...

...Xuerui Shi; Gabriel Hoh Teck Ling Purpose Within a gated community, management of common property presents great challenges. Therefore, the diagnostic social ecological system (SES) framework proposed by Elinor Ostrom providing a holistic understanding of complex collective action problems...