OBSERVATIONS REGARDING ‘UNCONVENTIONAL TEXT RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS’

In the third paragraph, the author states that ‘Conventional text retrieval systems suffer from a number of problems. First, indexing terms and / or classificators have normally to be assigned manually, which is a very time‐consuming process and can lead to severe problems with regard to inter‐indexer consistency.’ To what types of systems does this refer? From a content perspective it would appear to be addressing the problems of a keyword system, also referred to as a document coding system. Yet, they are referred to as ‘conventional text retrieval systems.’ Manual indexing is not a component of today's text retrieval system, elementary or advanced.