... group stands alone, potentially yielding slightly different findings. Practical implications Social media challenges and undermines the spiral of silence, as these opinions are shared with the wider society and can even find their way back to mainstream media outlets. Thus, social media platforms...

... on an online survey of a representative sample of 1,005 Israelis aged 18 and over and focused on consumers' perceptions of media contents as a source of information, social solidarity, criticism and anxiety. Findings Findings indicate that mainstream media were the primary source of pandemic information...