... implications. Practically, modifying current practices to enhance participation across all hierarchical levels within Malaysia’s decentralized governmental structure is essential. Effective communication can mitigate challenges arising from the three-tiered system — federal, state, and local governance...

.../approach The article draws on various sources, primarily media pieces and government information. It also critically analyses and interprets the New Zealand response. Findings The initial onset and response from the New Zealand government, albeit with closed borders, was effective in terms of keeping...