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Volume 23, Issue 2
1 June 2000
Policing: An International Journal Cover Image for Volume 23, Issue 2
Review Article| June 01 2000

Pepper spray – A safe and reasonable response to suspect verbal resistance Available to Purchase

Michael R. Smith;
Michael R. Smith
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA, and
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Geoffrey P. Alpert
Geoffrey P. Alpert
University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Author & Article Information
Publisher: Emerald Publishing
Online ISSN: 1758-695X
Print ISSN: 1363-951X
© MCB UP Limited
2000
Policing: An International Journal (2000) 23 (2): 233–245.
https://doi.org/10.1108/13639510010333859

Explores the debate over the safety and efficacy of police use of force tactics in general, and pepper spray in particular. Introduces the force continua, checklists employed by US police forces to prescribe levels of force to be used in particular situations. Reviews the literature, discusses two recent studies and the legal and ethical issues involved. Suggests further research in less‐than‐lethal weapons.

Keywords:
Police, Resistance
© MCB UP Limited
2000
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