...Muhammad Rasyid Abdillah; Josina Lambiombir; Rizqa Anita; Adi Rahmat Purpose This study explores how controlling leadership behaviors, such as authoritarian leadership and abusive supervision, affect police officers’ proactive behavior. Specifically, it examines how perceived powerlessness...

..., this study intends to explore the bright side of abusive supervision on the performance of trainees in different police colleges in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach The data for this study were collected from police colleges and supervisors in Pakistan, and the sample comprised police trainees...