... their negative experiences, most Black people still perceive Canadian law enforcement as racially biased. Nonetheless, the data do reveal one significant change: the proportion of white people who perceive police discrimination against Black people has increased dramatically over this same time period. The paper...

...Yuning Wu; Liqun Cao Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose and test a conceptual model that explains racially/ethnically differential confidence in order institutions through a mediating mechanism of perception of discrimination. Design/methodology/approach This study relies...

... that NYPD stop and frisk practices violated the Equal Protection Clause of US Constitution. © Emerald Publishing Limited 2017 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Discrimination Decision making Police bias Racial disparity In a racially heterogeneous and democratic...

... to equal employment opportunities similar to those faced by women and other minorities in law enforcement, but lesbian officers appear to experience and witness lower levels of discrimination than gay male police officers. Attitudinal bias against lesbian and gay officers remains a significant problem...

.... The identification of a traffic ticket cycle among some black drivers appears to be an original finding. Discrimination Decision making Patrol Discretion Profiling Whether they see the violation themselves or become aware of it by other means, the police have the ability to shape multiple outcomes...

... personal experience if individuals come to believe that some individuals of the group are being disproportionately targeted and hence that group‐based discrimination is a widespread phenomenon. Importantly, these perceptions may become salient whether or not individuals have themselves been the direct...

... Publishing Limited 2010 Police Decision making Bias Discrimination Traffic enforcement Police decision making prior to and during vehicle stops has garnered considerable attention in the last 15 years. Developing out of two high profile legal cases [1,2] , law enforcement agencies...

... discrimination, (the Law on the Protection of the Rights and Freedoms of National Minorities, the Law on Broadcasting, the Law on Public Information, the Law on Labor, and the Law on Higher Education), legislation prohibiting gender discrimination has yet to ratified. Similarly, the penal code currently fails...

...).) The tripartite model of sexual harassment, which was validated cross‐culturally (Fitzgerald et al., 1995), has become a commonly accepted and widely used typology and measure (Broedel‐Zaugg et al., 1999 ; Matchen and DeSouza, 2000). Sexual harassment Police Women workers Discrimination...

..., including a comparative analysis with a similar government organization. The work also adds to the growing body of qualitative research and gives voice to officers at work in a multicultural police force. Police Culture The Netherlands Discrimination Coen Heijes can be contacted...

... were asked to judge the New York City Police Department on measures related to racially biased policing and to procedural/distributive justice, this paper builds a perception of discrimination composite tied to perceived personal experience with officer bias and to beliefs regarding the perceived...

..., and native Americans in some areas), are strained at best. The police are perceived as biased and discriminating by these minority groups and police see these minority groups as less supportive of law and order than majority groups. As the law enforcement community is investing substantial resources...