...%). Focal concerns theory Multilevel multinomial logistic regression Police use of force Racial disparity The ability of a police officer to use physical force against a citizen is a unique aspect of the occupation (Bittner, 1990). The topic has been the subject of a substantial body of research...

...Anthony G. Vito; Elizabeth L. Grossi; Vanessa Woodward Griffin; George E. Higgins Purpose The purpose of this paper is to apply focal concerns theory as a theoretical explanation for police officer decision making during a traffic stop that results in a consent search. The study uses coefficients...

...Anthony Gennaro Vito; Elizabeth L. Grossi; George E. Higgins Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the issue of racial profiling when the traffic stop outcome is a search using focal concerns theory as a theoretical explanation for police officer decision making and propensity score...