... enforcement Customer satisfaction Turkey Individual perception As for policing philosophy in Turkey, traditional policing remains dominant, and, proactive or preventive policing strategies such as community policing and problem oriented policing are relatively new concepts. Although...

... Police Criminals Individual perception United States of America Over the past two decades, researchers have frequently studied individuals' opinions of the police (Bridenball and Jesilow, 2008 ; Frank et al., 2005 ; Mastrofski, 1981 ; Skogan, 2005). Much of the research has focused...

... the understanding of individual perception of organizational characteristics on police officers' day‐to‐day preventive policing activities. Instead of replicating previous studies on the relationship between organizational structure and COP implementation, this study employs open‐system approach to the same...