...Jihong Zhao; Ling Ren; Nicholas Lovrich Purpose Over the course of the past 40 years Wilson's theory of local political culture has influenced many students of policing. Wilson argued that variation in structural arrangements in police organizations can be explained largely by the form...

...Rick Ruddell; Matthew O. Thomas Purpose This paper aims to examine the political, social, and legal factors that shape the deployment of the police in a cross‐national sample of nations. Design/methodology/approach Ordinary least squares regression models are used to investigate police...

...Byongook Moon The Korean police have been greatly affected by the political developments of the twentieth century. Political neutrality and structural autonomy of the police from the government has not been ensured at all times since the establishment of the Korean police. Instead, the police had...

... democracies, four established democracies, and three mixed democracies. The objectives of the symposium were established as follows: (1) to appreciate at first hand what the police in emerging democracies regarded as challenges in operating in the newly democratic political environment (the established...

...Michael S. Vaughn Explores the issue of Section 1983 civil liability against law enforcement supervisors who infringe on their employees’ First Amendment rights to support political candidates and pursue political activities. The sacred right to engage freely in the political process periodically...