...Lois James; Stephen James; Bryan Vila Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether citizen characteristics (race/ethnicity and attire) or demeanor predicted how officers interacted in simulation scenarios that could turn violent. Design/methodology/approach Controlled-laboratory...

... the “reverse racism effect” still occurred when officers were extremely fatigued. Design/methodology/approach Controlled laboratory experiments were conducted during which experienced police patrol officers responded to black and white suspects in deadly force judgment and decision-making simulations...

...Andrew Greasley Presents a simulation study of the costing of police custody operations at a UK police force. The custody operation incorporates the arrest, booking‐in, interview, detention and court appearance activities. The Activity Based Costing (ABC) approach is used as a framework to show how...