... valuation Local government Income The intensive migration of people from rural regions into urban areas is the most spectacular demographic upheaval that Africa has experienced in recent decades (Farvacque‐Vitkoviv and Godin, 1998). While Africa was 80 percent rural in the 1950s and 1960s, its...

...Christian T.L. Janssen Income multipliers are commonly used in the valuation of income streams. All income dollars, however, are not alike, and investors make distinctions based on the nature and source of the income. The income multiplier is adjusted for the characteristics of the investment...