Characterizing Active Surfactants in Three Dimensions

The SensaDyne Tensiometer uses a patented technology that is a refinement of the maximum bubble pressure method. This method was first suggested by Simon in 1851 and later developed by Jaeger in 1917. The first viable commercial instrument was introduced in 1982, and a subsequent design interfaced to the personal computer several years later, allowing us now to use software tools which make three‐dimensional studies relatively straightforward.