.... Originality/value – The use of antifouling paints with copper + eugenol combination as pigment is a promising alternative due to its performance, low cost and reduction in copper leaching to environment. Copper Organic compounds Antifouling paints Marine biology Micro-organisms Essential oils...

... protection Micro‐organisms Steel panels coated with algae and garlic containing paints, together with the blanks (algae and garlic free paint) and the uncoated steel, were immersed separately in vessels containing 1 l seawater. Samples of the seawater media in contact with the panels were taken after...