... component analysis (PCA) techniques. Findings The obtained results indicate that the color difference between the samples dyed with madder by pre-mordanting, and the samples dyed by other methods is more than the color difference between the samples dyed by meta-mordanting and post-mordanting. However...

... Emerald Publishing Limited 2017 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Dyes PCA Common salt Derivative spectrophotometry Solubility Cotton fabric has been generally dyed with textile direct dyes. Direct dyes have a high molecular weight, flat and linear mode...