...Bing Li; Jungang Lv Purpose This study aims to address the limitations of relying solely on the visual comparison of overall infrared ( IR ) or Raman spectral shapes for the forensic analysis of paint evidence. It seeks to establish a more reliable identification method by systematically...

...-IR), portable Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM/EDS). These methods provided legally admissible evidence, enabling authorities to not only prosecute counterfeit product cases but also hold offenders accountable for endangering public health...