...John W. Patty; Elizabeth Maggie Penn “Banning the Box” refers to a policy campaign aimed at prohibiting employers from soliciting applicant information that could be used to statistically discriminate against categories of applicants (in particular, those with criminal records). In this article, we...

... favoring conditions. The distinctions between the relationships depicted in Figure 1 are key for integrating findings from survey research on racial attitudes into the broader understanding of discrimination, electoral competition, and representation. For instance, if an attitude measure reflects...

... barriers to entry and increase costs of production, allowing only the most productive women-owned firms to survive. If the costs of discrimination are lower in export markets, the average surviving woman-owned firm is more likely to export and exports a higher proportion of total sales. Using a cross...